Varicocele and Male Fertility: What You Need to Know

Varicocele is one of the most common, yet often overlooked, causes of male infertility. Dr. Saurabh Singh, Andrologist in Kanpur, explains what it is and how it affects fertility.

What Is a Varicocele?

A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins elsewhere in the body. It most commonly affects the left side and is found in a significant proportion of men being evaluated for infertility.

How Does It Affect Fertility?

A varicocele can raise the temperature within the scrotum, which may impair sperm production and quality over time. This can lead to lower sperm count, reduced motility and abnormal sperm shape, all of which can affect the chances of conception.

Common Symptoms

• A dull, aching discomfort in the scrotum, often worse after standing for long periods or physical activity
• A feeling of heaviness in the testicle
• Visible or palpable swelling, sometimes described as feeling like a “bag of worms”
• In many cases, no symptoms at all, and it is discovered during a fertility evaluation

How Is It Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination, supported by a scrotal ultrasound with Doppler imaging to confirm the diagnosis and assess its severity.

Treatment Options

Not every varicocele needs treatment. When it is linked to pain, testicular shrinkage, or fertility problems, a varicocelectomy, a surgical procedure to correct the abnormal veins, can improve sperm parameters in many men. The decision to treat is based on symptoms, fertility goals and findings on examination.

When to See a Specialist

If you are experiencing scrotal discomfort, or if you and your partner have been trying to conceive without success, a varicocele evaluation is an important part of the fertility workup.